10 Nanoporous membranes used in drug delivery devices for improving medication adherence in the treatment of chronic disease, in particular, metabolic diseases, namely, diabetes, obesity or non-alcoholic steatohepatits, and psychological diseases, namely, Alzheimer's, dementia, sociopathy or psychopathy; miniature long-term drug implants utilizing proprietary implantable drug delivery technology; nanoporous membranes used for improving medication adherence in the treatment of chronic disease, in particular, metabolic diseases, namely, diabetes, obesity or non-alcoholic steatohepatits, and psychological diseases, namely, Alzheimer's, dementia, sociopathy or psychopathy that control the amount and rate of drug released from a drug implant where the drug reservoir dictates the duration of therapy delivered from the drug implant for treatment of metabolic diseases, namely, diabetes, obesity or non-alcoholic steatohepatits, and psychological diseases, namely, Alzheimer's, dementia, sociopathy or psychopathy, and other diseases treated with small drug molecules; Electrotherapy medical devices for electrical nerve stimulation and recording, namely, neurostimulation devices, stimulating and recording electrode implants, visual prostheses and visual cortical implants; Cortical electrodes integrally attached to implantable cortical stimulators and other systems, namely, electrodes, stimulators, headpieces, and wearable video processors for the treatment of blindness; Surgical apparatus and instruments for the treatment of blindness; Medical apparatus and instruments for use in surgery for the treatment of blindness; Medical devices for the treatment of blindness