1 Carbon in the form of charcoal and biochar for use in agriculture, horticulture, hydroponics, forestry, construction, material treatment, water treatment, soil remediation, polymers, plastics and rubber production, the industrial production of bio-based fuels and oils, herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers; Carbon in the form of biochar for soil, water, and industrial applications; Activated carbon for water, liquid, and gas purification; Metallurgical carbons for use as a reductant or additive in iron, steel and metal alloys production; Biochar byproducts being a chemical additive for bio-based fuels, oils, or for syngas production; Biochar being a chemical additive for polymers, plastics, rubbers, concrete, masonry, asphalt, road surfaces, and roof tiles; Carbon in the form of biochar as an additive or substrate for the treatment of waste, water, slurry, and wastewater; Carbon in the form of biochar as a growing media for horticultural products; Carbon in the form of biochar as a hydroponic or soil based growing media; Carbon in the form of biochar for use in animal bedding; Carbon in the form of biochar for use in composting; Carbon in the form of biochar as a soil amendment, additive, and conditioner, promoting nutrient and water retention, carbon sequestration, and algal bloom management; Carbon in the form of biochar for use as a carbon dioxide offset; Filter media comprised of carbon in the form of biochar, namely, biochar in the nature of filtering materials in water filtering; Graphene