9 semiconductors, integrated circuits, amplifiers, electric resistors, capacitors, electrical inductors; electrical transducer; wireless transmitter and receiver; digital signal processors; optical sensors, audio sensors, proximity sensors, pattern recognition sensors; electronic sensors and detectors for detecting acceleration, position, voltage, current, magnetic waves, thermal or infrared radiation, x-rays, electromagnetic radiation, and visible light; embedded software programs for driving, enabling and extending the functionality of semiconductor devices, and signal processors