1 Reagents and preparations of nucleic acids, oligonucleotides, naturally occurring or modified nucleotides, enzymes, antibodies and antibody fragments, binding ligands, detection labels, microsphere-labeled ligands, or buffers, and kits thereof, for the purposes of non-medical scientific and research, including screening, detecting, determining, sequencing, and analyzing chemical compounds, compositions, and biological molecules including nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA, proteins, and carbohydrates, biological samples, including cell, tissue, and environmental samples, genetic information, including genes, genomes, nucleotide sequences variants, and modifications, or biological processes, such as regulation, transcription, and expression, including that of RNA and proteins