9 Devices for combining microchip cards and tags with computer peripheral equipment and terminal equipment, namely, smart card readers, smart card terminals, building access readers, physical and logical access control systems, proximity card readers, contact and contactless electronic card readers, and electronic ID card readers; blank smartcards and electronic security tags; encoded smart cards and electronic security tags containing program instructions used to store personal identification numbers, PKI certificates, and encryption keys; encoded smart cards containing program instructions used for logical and physical access control; computer hardware and computer software for chip card readers for identity management, physical and logical access control, security, and authentication; computer hardware and software systems used for creating, managing, and processing the identity of people and things employing smart cards and tags, smart card and tag readers; Enrollment management software for logical and physical access control; computer software and computer hardware for authentication of said devices and identities; Downloadable cloud-based computer software for identity management, physical and logical access control, security, and authentication; Downloadable cloud-based computer software for storage of personal identification numbers, PKI certificates, and encryption keys; radio frequency identification (RFID) credentials, namely, cards and tags, and readers for RFID credentials; electronic apparatus for access to digital data and for the exchange, diagnosis, analysis, encryption and security of digital data, namely, electronic encryption units, digital signal processors, digital input and output scanners; electronic hardware for interfacing a computer with near field communication (NFC) devices, namely, NFC readers, NFC tags, NFC stickers, NFC cards; electronic hardware and computer software for interfacing a computer with NFC devices, namely, tags, stickers, cards, smartcard readers, and NFC readers; computer software for the development of NFC, namely, computer software for interfacing a computer with NFC devices; passive UHF and HF RFID tags for use in personnel, consumer and asset identity-management systems