6 Metal externally threaded fasteners, namely, fasteners having metric or imperial coarse or fine threads on the exterior comprising metal thread studs and bolts, weld studs and bolts, plugs, and inserts; metal internally threaded fasteners, namely, fasteners having metric or imperial coarse or fine threads on the interior comprising metal port studs, hydraulic fittings, tapped bosses, full base and reduced base studs, grounding studs; Cold formed metal refractory net shape parts, namely, fasteners having no flux but having a weld end shape suitable for the stud welding process, the weld ends may be blunt, pointed, with or without flanges and timing tips comprising threaded studs, wide top wide flange studs, trim studs, ground studs, fir-tree studs, insulation pin studs, capacitor discharge (CD) studs, short cycle and gas arc studs, annular grooved studs, nuts, sheet metal studs, cold formed eccentric or asymmetric parts; Engineered metal components, namely, screws, nuts and bolts that may or may not be stud welded comprising pipe hangers, cable hangers, speed clips, insulation pin caps, set-lok caps, water tight nuts, self counter-boring nuts, low profile pine drive nuts, sheet metal brackets, washers, refractory anchors for manual arc welding