9 apparatus for traffic control, namely, red light cameras; photo radar devices, speed cameras, intersection safety cameras, road safety cameras, speed safety cameras, bus lane or HOV lane enforcement cameras, automated license plate recognition cameras; apparatus for measuring speed, namely, laser, radar, time-over-distance, and video image frame speed calculation devices; red-light cameras; computer programs, namely, software for processing data recorded with the instruments and apparatus as mentioned here-above; automobile surveillance equipment, namely, devices for detecting speed and red light violations; Computer software and hardware for determining speed; Cameras; Digital cameras; Video cameras; Speed indicators, namely, laser, radar, time-over-distance, and video image frame speed calculation devices. Automobile traffic monitoring equipment, namely, computer software for detecting and recording traffic violations and violations of speed limits, red lights, railroad crossing signals and toll booths; for processing and manipulating traffic images; for assessing and utilizing computerized database consisting of traffic information, motor vehicle registration, and for producing and generating reports and citations; vehicle surveillance equipment, namely, apparatuses for detecting the presence of vehicles; apparatuses for detecting speed, and red light violations; and apparatuses for photographing and recording vehicles; automobile surveillance equipment, namely, cameras, video recording apparatuses, data loggers, vehicle detectors, train detectors and cabinets for detecting signal violations at railroad crossings; photographic and cinematographic equipment; namely, radar speed cameras, solar powered speed cameras, traffic red light surveillance cameras; measuring equipment, namely, apparatus and instruments for evaluation of knee laxity; signaling equipment, namely, speed checking apparatus and instruments; recording equipment, namely, timing touch pads; video and still image recorders, digital image recorders, laser-based speed detectors, digital-based speed detectors, video-based speed detectors, image processing equipment and software, citation processing equipment and software, and integrated systems thereof, all for vehicle monitoring, traffic control, or traffic enforcement; computer hardware and software for traffic monitoring, pattern recognition, traffic information processing and traffic light control, all in the field of motor vehicle traffic management; computer hardware and software for traffic monitoring, pattern recognition, traffic information processing and traffic light control, all in the field of motor vehicle traffic management. computerized video based traffic surveillance system comprised of video cameras, local controller, and network servers, for detecting and analyzing vehicular traffic flow and road conditions; computer system comprising electronic hardware and software and a video camera for detecting and identifying motor vehicles moving at speeds in access of a prescribed speed limit; computer hardware and computer software for implementing artificial intelligence, neural networks and adaptive systems; electronic system consisting of application software running on a PC or PC-equivalent electronics, a video capture hardware card and a neural network recognition accelerator card that acquires video images of a traffic scene, interprets the images to detect and track vehicles approaching an intersection, measures their speeds and determines whether they will stop when a traffic light cycles to red, providing an indication when it is safe for vehicles and pedestrians to cross the street; additionally, the system will track and record identifying information on red-light vehicles for enforcement purposes; computer software for recognizing characters from images