9 Teaching apparatus and instruments, namely, a simulation framework comprising computer hardware and downloadable computer software to train mission operators; apparatus and instruments for recording, transmitting, reproducing or processing images or data; recorded media being recorded software for navigation, for orientation, for location tracking, for target tracking and mapping; downloadable media being downloadable software for navigation, for orientation, for location tracking, for target tracking and mapping; downloadable computer software for navigation, for orientation, for location tracking, for target tracking and mapping; devices for navigation, for orientation, for location tracking, for target tracking and mapping, namely, computer hardware; sensors, namely, range sensors being range finders, jammer sensors being sensors for detecting the presence of radar jamming apparatus, altimeters, optical sensors, infrared sensors, ultraviolet sensors, radar sensors, surface acoustic wave sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and motion sensors; detectors, namely, radar object detectors, jammer detectors being sensors for detecting the presence of radar jamming apparatus, radar target detectors, missile detectors being radar object detectors for detecting the presence of missiles, radar detectors, optical detectors, infrared detectors, ultraviolet detectors, ultrasonic object detectors, and motion detectors; and electronic surveillance instruments and apparatus, namely, electric and electronic video surveillance installations, security surveillance robots, computer hardware for IP video surveillance; electronic data loggers and data recorders; optical instruments and equipment, namely, optical receivers and optical transmitters; lasers, not for medical purposes; laser rangefinders; opto-electronic devices, namely, opto-electronic transducers; motorized gimbals for cameras, namely, camera stabilizers for use on manned and unmanned aerial vehicles; computers and computer peripherals, in particular for planning and conducting flight missions and simulating and recording flight missions; computers for controlling radar and optical equipment for surveillance of an airspace and of maritime areas and for border surveillance and for airborne mission planning and execution; downloadable software for controlling radar and optical equipment for surveillance of an airspace and of maritime areas and for border surveillance and for airborne mission planning and execution; computers for target acquisition; downloadable software for target acquisition on aerial vehicles; radar equipment, namely, radar apparatus; radar antennae; radar receivers; radar transmitters; signal generators for radar equipment; radar equipment and optical devices for surveillance of airspace and maritime areas, namely, radar apparatus and optical sensors; warning devices, in particular radar warning devices being radar detectors, missile warning devices and laser warning devices being electronic warning lights and warning bells; receivers of electronic signals for radar equipment or for radar warning devices or for other warning devices; image intensifiers; electronic amplifiers; opto-electronic transducers; laser equipment for non-medical purposes for defense against airborne projectiles or missiles, namely, equipment for guided or directed infra-red countermeasures; airborne opto-electronic systems comprising observation and target acquisition equipment for electronic warfare, namely, radar apparatus, lasers for non-medical purposes, and missile warning apparatus; computer hardware and downloadable software for use in helicopters, aircraft or unmanned aerial vehicles for target acquisition; airborne communications systems comprising computer hardware and downloadable software for transmitting and receiving secure communications for military purposes and for use with helicopters and commercial air transport; computer hardware and downloadable software for establishing and maintaining wired and wireless data links, in particular for mobile networks, 4G LTE, 5G NR, SATCOM and by means of transponders; control stations comprising application specific downloadable computer software, computer hardware and communication equipment being apparatus for transmission of communication, all for mission preparation, mission execution and mission post-processing of manned and unmanned aircraft and aircraft fleets; mission planning systems comprising computer hardware and downloadable computer software for mission planning of aerial vehicles