9 Electronic apparatus for checking the authenticity of cards, badges, passports, visas, namely electronic systems attesting to the authorization of entry into a territory and secure documents bearing a seal which afford entry into a territory, drivers' licenses, biometric identity cards or identification documents; electronic detectors for checking the authenticity of banknotes or access passes; apparatus and instruments for authenticating banknotes, access passes and payment documents; integrated circuits; computer chips; semiconductor chips; electronic chips for manufacturing integrated circuits; semi-conductors; structured semi-conductor wafers; electronic semi-conductors; magnetic coded cards for use in financial transactions in connection with payment for services, intended for use as payment, credit, debit, remote payment or loyalty cards and electronic wallets, including those with dynamic codes for securing all transactions online; cards encoded with security features for identification purposes, namely, electronic cards attesting to the authorization of entry into a territory, all of the aforesaid goods having optical effect security to fight unauthorized reproduction, forgery and counterfeiting; magnetic coded cards for use as cards and badges for access, transport, single or multiple access to services and/or transport networks, subscription to transport services; Electronically or magnetically encoded identity cards for use as health cards, cards for access to pay television channels, games, multimedia, data banks, and databases; biometric identification apparatus, instruments, terminals, readers and scanners for reading fingerprints, palm prints, features of the iris, veins, voices, facial features or other biometric features; integrated circuit cards; blank electronic chip cards; memory cards; Encoded smart cards containing programming used for ensuring the security of data; Electronic transmitters and receivers for ensuring the security of data; Radio frequency identification (RFID) credentials, namely, cards and tags, and readers for radio frequency identification credentials; RAM (random access memory) cards for access to telecommunications and/or computer networks; Encoded smart cards containing programming used for ensuring the security of data; Downloadable computer software for use as a spreadsheet for ensuring the security of data; Encoded smart cards containing programming used for telecommunication purposes; Magnetic coded cards for use as electronic tickets, and for use in financial transactions; Pre-paid telephone calling cards, magnetically encoded; Encoded electronic chip cards for securing access to computer or telecommunications networks; Encoded electronic chip cards used for accessing services and performing operations and transactions on telecommunications and computer networks; biometric identification apparatus; computers and recorded computer software for biometric systems for the identification and authentication of persons; recorded computer software for biometric systems for the identification and authentication of persons; recorded computer software for detecting persons for security purposes; recorded computer software for interpreting finger or palm prints, features of the iris, veins, voice, facial features or other biometric features; recorded computer programs and software for use with smart cards and electronic chip cards for securing access to computer or telecommunications networks; Recorded computer software for providing access to electronic mail services; recorded computer software for electronic messaging; recorded computer software for providing access to electronic communication networks; recorded computer software for providing access to the Internet and websites; recorded computer software for telecommunications; recorded computer software for browsing the internet; recorded computer operating software; blank electronic chip cards; Downloadable computer software for electronic signature; downloadable computer software for encryption; electronic apparatus for checking the authenticity of magnetically-encoded cards; recorded computer programs and software for storage, retrieval and secure transmission of information or data; recorded computer programs and software for identifying and authenticating persons and electronic signatures for accessing networks, payment, operations and transactions, including online e-commerce; recorded computer traceability software for the management and securing of documents and printed matter; computer servers, in particular for the downloading, distribution and management of applications on cards, including chip cards; recorded computer programs and software for communication between chip-based cards and chip card readers and computer terminals; recorded computer programs and software for transmitting, displaying and storing identification and operations and transactions data or information, particularly online; recorded computer software for processing electronic payments and transferring funds to and from others; recorded authentication software for controlling access to computers and computer networks and controlling communication between computers and computer networks; recorded computer software for the issue and management of cards, namely, chip-based cards, and, for the verification of the management of such cards; Apparatus for transmission and processing of data; scientific, photographic, cinematographic, optical, measuring, signaling and checking apparatus and instruments, namely, tablet computers providing fingerprint, facial and iris identification; electronic and computer apparatus, instruments and equipment for securing premises, namely, theft alarms; biometric identification apparatus; electric locks; Traffic control equipment, namely, actuated and pre-timed traffic signal controllers; Speed indicators; infrared cameras; movie projectors; radar apparatus; recorded computer software for capturing and processing data provided via the aforesaid apparatus and instruments; magnetic encoded card readers; data encoders; data decoders; computers and computer peripherals for use in connection with cards and/or telecommunications apparatus; microcomputers; portable computers; hand-held computers; Network access server hardware; magnetically encoded credit cards; Electronic and magnetic ID cards for use in connection with payment for services