10 X-ray apparatus for medical purposes; X-ray tubes for medical purposes; apparatus and installations for the production of X-rays, for medical purposes; beds, specially made for medical purposes; radiotherapy apparatus; radiological apparatus for medical purposes; particle accelerators for medical use; radiotherapy treatment apparatus; radiotherapy treatment planning apparatus, namely, a Treatment Planning System (TPS) comprising medical imaging apparatus incorporating medical imaging software for volumetric dataset handling, beam dose modelling, radiobiological modelling, image plan handling, image transfer equipment, image plan output apparatus, databases, DICOM databases, PACS systems, report generation, radiotherapy treatment plan instruction generation for treatment planning proton, ion or carbon radiotherapy treatment, and an Oncology Information System (OIS) comprising medical imaging apparatus incorporating medical imaging software for treatment plan handling, information handling, databases, DICOM databases, PACS systems, treatment plan control, dose interruption control, treatment interruption control, interlock control, scheduling, patient scheduling, listing, patient listing, billing control, dose verification, treatment verification, for managing patient care for proton, ion or carbon radiotherapy treatment; linear accelerators for medical use; proton linear accelerators for medical use; proton source and proton source apparatus for medical use, namely, apparatus for generating protons, ions or carbon ions for injection into radiotherapy apparatus, for radiotherapy treatment; patient positioning systems, namely, apparatus for positioning the patient relative to a radiotherapy apparatus for radiotherapy treatment; chairs, specially made for medical purposes; proton dosimetry apparatus for medical purposes; radiotherapy treatment nozzles, collimators and degraders for medical purposes; proton radiotherapy treatment nozzles, collimators and degraders; imaging systems for radiotherapy for medical purposes