9 Electric or electronic components, especially semiconductors, semiconductor and microprocessor devices; smart tags (or transponders); radio frequency identification devices and equipment including readers, markers, marker etchers and proximity marks for tracking and tracing of goods and for access security, identification, inventory or physical state control; computer software and databases for use in particular in chips, integrated circuits and microcircuits for smart tags (or transponders); software, especially for tracking objects, managing inventories, optimizing delivery runs, financial transactions and optimizing production processes; software for readers of smart tags (or transponders); software used for writing programs for systems of readers of optical and/or radio frequency identification systems; apparatus and equipment for use with radio frequency tags, transponders and/or barcodes and/or all optical identification systems; electronic radio frequency tags, radio frequency readers, sets of ready-to-assemble radio frequency elements, radio frequency identification systems; electronic chip, microcircuit, integrated circuit, electronic memory and contactless tags; laminated electronic tags; electronic tags with biodegradable covers; electronic tag readers; decryption and encryption programs and circuits; networks of interfaces between tag readers and transmission line data or computers