9 Electric or electronic components, especially semiconductors, semiconductor and microprocessor devices; smart tags (or transponders); radio frequency identification devices and equipment including readers, markers, marker etchers and proximity marks for tracking and tracing of goods and for access security, identification, inventory or physical state control; computer software and databases for use in particular in chips, integrated circuits and microcircuits for smart tags (or transponders); software, especially for tracking objects, managing inventories, optimizing delivery runs, financial transactions and production processes; software for readers of smart tags (or transponders); software used for writing programs for systems of identification by optical and/or radio frequency readers; readers of optical and/or radio frequency identification systems; transponders, any optical identification system; electronic radio-frequency tags, radio frequency readers, radio frequency identification systems; tags with electronic chips, microcircuits, integrated circuits, electronic memory units, without contact; laminated electronic tags; electronic tags with biodegradable covers; electronic tag readers; decryption and encryption programs and circuits; networks of interfaces between tag readers and transmission line data or computers