9 COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE IN THE FIELDS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTICS, namely, ARTIFICIAL DEVICES THAT CAN MODIFY THEIR OWN ACTIONS IN RESPONSE TO INPUTS FROM AND EVENTS IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT; SCIENTIFIC APPARATUS, NAMELY, TACTILE SENSING DEVICES AND CHEMICAL SENSING DEVICES; COGNITIVE DEVICES, NAMELY, DEVICES WITH THE FOLLOWING COMPONENTS, NAMELY, A MORPHOLOGY OR BODY PLAN THAT ALLOWS FOR ACTIVE EXPLORATION IN A REAL ENVIRONMENT, A BRAIN SIMULATION EMBEDDING DETAILED NEUROANATOMY AND NEURAL DYNAMICS, BOTH OF WHICH ARE BASED ON ANIMAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS, AND A VALUE SYSTEM THAT CONSTRAINS THE NEURAL DYNAMICS BY RESPONDING TO SALIENT ENVIRONMENTAL CUES; COMPUTER SOFTWARE FOR USE IN SYNTHETIC NEURAL MODELING; COMPUTER SOFTWARE TO CONTROL AND OPERATE ARTIFICIAL DEVICES THAT CAN MODIFY THEIR OWN ACTIONS IN RESPONSE TO INPUTS FROM AND EVENTS IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT; COMPUTER SOFTWARE FOR INTELLIGENT DEVICES; COMPUTER SOFTWARE FOR THINKING MACHINES; COMPUTER SOFTWARE FOR USE IN LEARNING MACHINES; COMPUTER SOFTWARE FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DEVICES; COMPUTER SOFTWARE FOR NEURALLY BASED MACHINES; COMPUTER SOFTWARE FOR NAVIGATION OF UNMANNED VEHICLES; COMPUTER SOFTWARE FOR RECOGNITION OF PATTERNS; COMPUTER SOFTWARE FOR CATEGORIZATION OF INPUTS ACCORDING TO PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE OR PREVIOUS TRAINING; HARDWARE IN THE FIELDS OF SYNTHETIC NEURAL MODELING; SCIENTIFIC APPARATUS, NAMELY, RECOGNITION AUTOMATA, NAMELY, SYSTEMS TO RECOGNIZE PATTERNS AND CATEGORIZE INPUTS ACCORDING TO PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE OR TRAINING; COMPUTER OPERATING PROGRAMS; CENTRAL PROCESSING UNITS; COMPUTER HARDWARE; GATEWAY ROUTERS IN THE NATURE OF COMPUTER CONTROL HARDWARE; COMPUTER NETWORKING HARDWARE; COMPUTER MEMORY HARDWARE; ROBOTS FOR USE IN UNMANNED VEHICLES; ROBOTS WITH INTELLIGENT LEARNING CAPACITY; ROBOTS FOR PERSONAL OR HOBBY USE; LABORATORY ROBOTS; ROBOTS THAT ARE NEURALLY BASED MACHINES; ROBOTS THAT ARE THINKING MACHINES; ROBOTS THAT ARE COGNITIVE DEVICES; ELECTRONIC AND OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS INSTRUMENTS AND COMPONENTS, NAMELY, OPTICAL TRANSMITTERS, OPTICAL TRANSCEIVERS, OPTICAL RECEIVERS, AND DIGITAL TRANSMITTER; ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR MACHINES; ELECTRICAL CONTROLLING DEVICES, NAMELY, CONTROLLERS FOR UNMANNED VEHICLES; ELECTRICAL CONTROLLING DEVICES, NAMELY, CONTROLLERS FOR ROBOTS; DEVICES WITH THE FOLLOWING COMPONENTS, NAMELY, A MORPHOLOGY OR BODY PLAN THAT ALLOWS FOR ACTIVE EXPLORATION IN A REAL ENVIRONMENT, A BRAIN SIMULATION EMBEDDING DETAILED NEUROANATOMY AND NEURAL DYNAMICS, BOTH OF WHICH ARE BASED ON ANIMAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS, AND A VALUE SYSTEM THAT CONSTRAINS THE NEURAL DYNAMICS BY RESPONDING TO SALIENT ENVIRONMENTAL CUES