9 APPARATUS FOR MICROPOSITIONING, MICROMANIPULATION, NANOPOSITIONING, NANOMANIPULATION, PRECISION PLACEMENT, PRECISION MOVEMENT, INCLUDING ARTICULATED ROBOTIC ARM, MANUAL ROBOTIC SYSTEM, AUTOMATED ROBOTIC SYSTEM, COMPUTER-CONTROLLED ROBOTIC SYSTEM; IN PARTICULAR FOR POSITIONING TOOLS FOR USE IN BIOMEDICINE, FIBER OPTICS, OPTICS, PHOTONICS, MICROSCOPES, LASER, MICRO ELECTRONICS, SEMICONDUCTOR, MICRO ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS, METROLOGY, MICROMACHNING, NANOMACHINING, PHOTOGRAPHIC, SCIENTIFIC, MEASURING AND CONTROLLING SCIENTIFIC APPARATUS