9 systems, apparatus and instruments for interactive television applications; computer systems comprised of PCs, workstations, servers, telecommunications equipment, broadcast equipment, and computer software for the input, selection, validation, and formatting of interactive television content; computer systems comprised of PCs, workstations, servers, telecommunications equipment, broadcast equipment and computer software for the insertion of content into interactive television applications and networks; systems comprised of PCs, workstations, servers, telecommunications equipment, broadcast equipment, and computer software for project management, application management and return path management in interactive television applications; systems comprised of PCs, workstations, servers, telecommunications equipment, broadcast equipment, and computer software for compliance testing in interactive television applications; computer systems comprised of PCs, workstations, servers, telecommunications equipment, broadcast equipment, computers, computer hardware, and computer software for formatting, organizing, validating, broadcasting and delivering applications and/or content, and computer peripheral devices for use with interactive television applications; computer systems comprised of PCs, workstations, servers, telecommunications equipment, broadcast equipment, computer hardware, computer software, telecommunications apparatus and instruments and broadcasting apparatus and instruments to enable two-way, real-time engagement between television viewers and interactive television content providers; telecommunication and broadcasting apparatus and instruments for use with interactive television applications; computer systems comprised of PCs, workstations, servers, telecommunications equipment, broadcast equipment, computer software and telecommunications apparatus to enable connection to interactive television applications, databases and the Internet; electronic publications, being downloadable from a computer database, the Internet or interactive television applications; computer systems comprised of PCs, workstations, servers, telecommunications equipment, broadcast equipment and computer software to enable searching of data in the field of profiling and data mining; television, audio/visual, video, sound recording, sound reproduction apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for the storage, recording, reproduction, retrieval, reading and transmission of data, visual images, sounds and other information; apparatus and instruments for use in broadcasting, transmission, receiving, processing, reproducing, encoding and decoding digital and satellite signals; computers, computer hardware, computer software and computer peripheral devices; telecommunication and broadcasting apparatus and instruments; parts and fittings for all the aforesaid goods