10 Image presentation apparatus for displaying medical images; electrical and electronic devices for medical applications; surgical instruments and apparatus for neurosurgical, orthopedic and radiotherapeutical purposes, for robot-assisted applications, for applications in ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery, and for applications for three-dimensionally registering or referencing patient location data; medical and surgical robots, and structural and electrical parts therefor; radiotherapeutic or radiosurgical apparatus; control boxes exclusively for medical equipment, instrument adapters and tool holders exclusively for medical apparatus and instruments; positioning devices, guiding devices and fixing devices for medical instruments; holding arms and fine-adjustment apparatus for medical instruments; endoscope and microscope adaptors; connection cables exclusively for medical instruments and devices; portable or mobile medical image-presenting instruments; portable or mobile medical displays for displaying internal body structures on the basis of previously captured patient data sets; medical devices for acquiring and adjusting radiation points for medical purposes; medical systems and components for precisely positioning patients for medical purposes; CT and nuclear spin tomographs; ultrasound diagnostics apparatus; x-ray apparatus for medical use; intra-operative, image-guided localization systems for medical purposes; systems and instruments for software-controlled precision treatment for medical procedures purposes; probes, sensors, electronic apparatus and image presentation apparatus all being parts of medical imaging systems; instruments and apparatus for characterizing structures in patient data sets produced using medical image acquiring devices, namely, computer tomographs, nuclear spin tomographs, ultrasound diagnostic apparatus, and x-ray diagnostic apparatus; instruments and apparatus for indicating contours of anatomical structures in image displays and for automatically recognizing complete structures; devices for detecting and adjusting radiation points for medical purposes. systems and components for positioning patients precisely for radiotherapeutic, radiosurgical or neurosurgical applications, namely, collimators, leaf collimators and micro leaf collimators for adjusting and forming beam forms in radio-therapeutic and radiosurgical applications, infrared and video cameras and accessories, patient markers, control computers, monitors, isocenter phantoms, calibration phantoms, patient trays, head holders and adaptors, vacuum pumps, vacuum cushions, referencing stars, ultra-sound phantoms and ultrasound adaptors, x-ray registration kits; apparatus for controlling medical or surgical robots; supplementary devices for medical or surgical robots, namely, control boxes, instrument adapters, tool holders; medical referencing devices; medical reference marker arrays; integrated operating room facilities; intra-operative, image-guided localization systems for surgical applications, in particular for neurosurgical, orthopaedic, stereotactic and radiosurgical applications and for applications in ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery, namely, cameras, monitors, image presenting apparatus, namely, computer monitors, printers, x-ray image presenting devices, photo presenting devices, image projectors and other devices for displaying images, computers, reference clamps, pointers, surgical instruments, registration markers and marker spheres, body markers, cannulae, laptops, docking stations, panel pads, headsets, head rings, remote control devices, probes, sensors, instrument adaptors, virtual keyboards, dental referencing units, laser pointers, phantom pointers. systems for software-controlled precision treatment in neurosurgery, orthopaedics, radiotherapy, radiosurgery and in ear, nose and throat CENT) surgery, namely, localizers, stereotactic and neurosurgical arcs, biopsy kits, fixation adaptors, instrument calibration matrices and fixation rings, planning stations, computers, couch mounts, collimators, target positions, film holders, mask systems, couch stabilizers, couch adaptors, radiation apparatus, linear accelerators, gantries, microscope adaptors, fixation pins, head and neck immobilization units; instruments and apparatus for characterizing structures in patient data sets produced using medical image forming apparatus, namely, computer tomographs, nuclear spin tomographs, ultrasound diagnostic apparatus, and x-ray diagnostic apparatus; marking aids for indicating contours of anatomical structures in image displays of sectional patient images, and for automatically recognizing complete structures on the basis of indicated individual contours; instruments and apparatus for three-dimensionally registering or referencing patient location data by producing light markings, in particular light reflection points, by means of light emitters, in particular infrared light emitters or light pointers or laser light emitters; light pointers, laser light pointers, infrared laser light pointers for medical use; reference markers or reference marker arrangements which are attached to medical or surgical instruments or patients for referencing purposes; medical or surgical pointers