10 Biosensors, detectors, electro-dynamic apparatus for the remote control of signals, indicators, measuring apparatus and instruments for use in medical and clinical diagnostics namely clinical diagnostic markers and cardiac markers; biomedical test systems, comprised primarily of reading and analyzing instruments for use in the diagnosis and treatment of blood diseases, electrolytes, cardiac markers, infectious diseases, immune deficiencies, whole blood glucose, drugs of abuse, urinalysis, coagulation and hemoglobin/hematocrit, and bioterrorism diseases; diagnostic test cassettes or cartridges having membrane based reaction regimes designated to react with or test for particular biological and chemical components and analytes