10 Electric apparatus and image presentation apparatus for medical and surgical purposes; neurosurgical instruments and apparatus; radiotherapeutic apparatus; systems and components for precisely positioning patients for radiotherapeutic or neurosurgical purposes; comprising infrared cameras, video cameras, patient markers, computers, monitors, isocenter phantoms, calibration phantoms, patient trays, head holders, vacuum pumps, vacuum pads, reference stars, and ultrasonic phantoms and adapters; nuclear spin resonance or magnetic resonance tomographs; intra-operative, image-guided localization systems for medical and surgical purposes, comprising cameras, monitors, computers, reference clamps, pointers, sugical instruments, marker, marker spheres, cannula, docking stations, liners, headsets, head rings, and remote controls; systems for software-controlled precision treatment in neurosurgery, orthopedics, radiotherapy and in ear, nose, and throat surgery, comprising localizers, stereotactics arcs, biopsy kits, fixation adapters, planning stations, computers, couch mounts, collimators, target possitioners, film holders, masks, couch stabilizers, couch adaptors and robots