9 PIEZOELECTRICAL RESONATORS, OSCILLATORS BASED ON PIEZOELECTRICAL RESONATORS, SENSORS BASED ON PIEZOELECTRICAL RESONATORS, AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS BASED ON SENSORS OF PIEZOELECTRICAL RESONATORS, SAID SYSTEMS COMPRISED OF A RESONATOR ELEMENT, NAMELY, A PIEZOELECTRICAL RESONATOR OR AN OSCILLATOR BASED ON A PIEZOELECTRICAL RESONATOR OR A SENSOR BASED ON A PIEZOELECTRICAL RESONATOR AND, IN ADDITION TO THE RESONATOR ELEMENT, A HERMETICALLY SEALED HOUSING FOR THE RESONATOR ELEMENT, WHICH HOUSING IS SOMETIMES FURNISHED WITH ELECTRIC CIRCUITRY, A HEATING MEANS, AND A FLANGE FOR HOLDING THE RESONATOR ELEMENT TO THE HOUSING